
How many orbitals are in a set of Sp2 hybrid orbitals?
How many orbitals are in a set of Sp2 hybrid orbitals? I don’t get it so could someone explain.
sp2 hybrids
Other carbon based compounds and other molecules may be explained in a similar way as methane. Take, for example, ethene (C2H4). Ethene has a double bond between the carbons. The Lewis structure looks like this:
Carbon will sp2 hybridise, because hybrid orbitals will form only ? bonds and one ? (pi) bond is required for the double bond between the carbons. The hydrogen-carbon bonds are all of equal strength and length, which agrees with experimental data.
In sp2 hybridisation the 2s orbital is mixed with only two of the three available 2p orbitals:
forming a total of 3 sp2 orbitals with one p-orbital remaining. In ethylene the two carbon atoms form a ? bond by overlapping two sp2 orbitals and each carbon atom forms two covalent bonds with hydrogen by s–sp2 overlap all with 120° angles. The ? bond between the carbon atoms perpendicular to the molecular plane is formed by 2p–2p overlap.
The amount of p-character is not restricted to integer values, i.e. hybridisations like sp2.5 are also readily described. In this case the geometries are somewhat distorted from the ideally hybridised picture. For example, as stated in Bent’s rule, a bond tends to have higher p-character when directed toward a more electronegative substituent.
hope this helps…
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